Environment

Johansson K, Greis G, Johansson B, Grundtmann A, Pahlby Y, Torn S, Axelberg H, Carlsson P (2013)
Evaluation of a new PVC-free catheter material for intermittent catheterization: a prospective, randomized, crossover study
Evidence of unchanged patient-perception and safety for LoFric with PVC and LoFric with the PVC-free POBE material. For example, patients reported low perceived discomfort with both LoFric-POBE and LoFric-PVC catheters.
1 week cross-over study on 104 LoFric users.

Witjes JA, Del Popolo G, Marberger M, Jonsson O, Kaps HP, Chapple CR (2009)
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel group study comparing Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride-Free Catheter Materials
Evidence of unchanged patient-perception and safety for LoFric with PVC and LoFric with the PVC-free POBE material.
1 month study on 169 LoFric users (81 POBE and 88 PVC).

Stripple H, Westman R, Holm D (2008)
Development and environmental improvements of plastics for hydrophilic catheters in medical care: an environmental evaluation
Evidence on the minimized environmental load with LoFric PVC-free POBE catheter material.
Material life cycle assessment.